Lesson 3 – Surface Trackless Mobile Machines

TESTING OF BRAKING SYSTEMS

 

THE COP MUST DESCRIBE THE PROCEDURES FOR TESTING OF BRAKING SYSTEMS TO ENSURE FUNCTIONALITY IN TERMS OF BRAKE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS, INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING:

 

a.  STATIC TESTING OF BRAKING SYSTEMS

Static testing of SME braking systems shall be performed as such;

• Complete SME pre use checklist
• Walk around the SME and make sure there are no obstacles around or underneath
• Climb on the SME operator‟s seat
• Ensure the gear lever is in the neutral position
• Ensure that the park brake is fully applied
• Start the engine
• Select the 1st gear (and forward where applicable) on the gear selection, but hold the clutch pedal depressed.
• Increase engine revolution to 1500 rev/m, then slowly release the clutch
• As soon as engine revolutions decrease, it indicates that the park brake is strong enough to compensate against engine power, thus indicating that the drum & brake pads are in working order.
• Depress the clutch pedal again and select REVERSE GEAR on the gear selection, and again hold the clutch pedal depressed
• Increase engine revolution to 1500 rev/m, then slowly release the clutch
• As soon as engine revolutions decrease, it indicates that the park brake is strong enough to compensate against engine power, thus indicating that the drum & brake pads are in working order.
• DO NOT allow the engine to stall and DO NOT CONTINUE this test longer than approximately 2 seconds, as this will damage the clutch.

 

b.WHERE APPROPRIATE, DYNAMIC TYPE OR OTHER TESTS

• Where specified by the OEM, dynamic testing of such equipment shall be performed as per the respective OEM specifications and procedures.

 

c.RECORDING AND SAFE KEEPING OF TEST RESULTS, FOR A PERIOD TO BE SPECIFIED IN THE COP

• All SME Pre-use Checklists make provision for the testing of braking systems, which shall be completed by the operator at the beginning of every shift. See SOP115 (SPMM Checklists).
• All SME checklists shall be stored for a period of 3 months, after which it may be destroyed.

 

PROTECTION OF THE OPERATOR AND PASSENGERS

IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT OPERATORS AND PASSENGERS ARE PROTECTED, THE COP SHOULD DESCRIBE AT LEAST THE FOLLOWING DEVICES, WHERE APPLICABLE, TO PROTECT THEM WHILST IN TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINES:

 

OBJECTS FALLING ON OR IN CLOSE PROXIMITY OF SME’S

• Where applicable SME‟s are provided with a Drivers Cabin to protect the driver/operator from objects falling on them.
• When off-loading at any tipping area the operator of the SME must ensure the safety of all personnel in close proximity, before he starts his tipping procedure.
• Any special conditions that may arise will be risk assessed and the necessary safety measures be implemented.
• Where applicable, SME‟s are fitted with seatbelts to provide protection against falling out to minimize injuries as a result of a collision or roll over (as per OEM)

 

IN THE EVENT OF A ROLL-OVER

• Physical roll over Protection is provided in the construction of the cab of a SME by the OEM. Any special conditions that may arise will be risk assessed and necessary steps will be taken.
• The SME‟s are fitted with approved (SANS 1080) seatbelts to provide protection against falling out to minimize injuries as a result of a collision or roll over (as per OEM)
• Where it is not reasonably possible to fit roll over protection, other means shall be implemented to minimize the risk of such SME‟s rolling over.

 

INADVERTENT MOVEMENT OF A TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINE

IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT THERE IS NO INADVERTENT MOVEMENT OF A TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINE, THE COP SHOULD DESCRIBE THE DEVICES AND PROCEDURES TO BE USED BY THE OPERATOR NOT TO LEAVE A TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINE UNATTENDED UNTIL IT IS SECURED TO PREVENT IT FROM:

• The devices and procedures to be used by the driver/operator not to leave SME unattended until it is secured to prevent it from;

 

 INADVERTENTLY MOVING

• To prevent inadvertent movement of parked SME`s, all SME‟s at BML shall be parked as per SOP 75 (4.1).
• SME‟s having ground engaging tools shall lower these tools firmly onto the ground.

 

INADVERTENTLY RUNNING OUT OF CONTROL

• To prevent inadvertent movement of parked SME`s, all SME‟s at BML shall be parked as per SOP 75 (4.1).

 

BEING SET IN MOTION BY AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON

• In conjunction with Section 8.4.1 above, the Operator of the SME will remove the key form the ignition and either keep it on him for later use of the SME or hand it to the Driver‟s Coordinator.

 

SAFE BOARDING/ALIGHTING AND WORKING ON TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINES

IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT PERSONS CAN SAFELY BOARD, ALIGHT AND WORK ON TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINES, THE COP MUST DESCRIBE THE DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES IN PLACE TO PROVIDE FOR THE SAFE BOARDING ONTO, ALIGHTING FROM OR WORKING ON TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINES.

• No person shall board or alight from or cause or permit any person to board or alight from any vehicle while it is in motion.
• All SME are provided with safe access facilities to the operator cabins. Where applicable, SME‟s are so designed that there will always be a 3 point contact when either boarding or alighting.
• Should the need arise for Work to be done on top of a vehicle, the situation must be risk assessed prior to any work conducted.

 

DESIGN AND OPERATION OF TOW-BARS AND COUPLING DEVICES

 

IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT PERSONS ARE PROTECTED FROM RISKS DURING THE USE OF TOW –BARS AND COUPLING DEVICES, THE COP SHOULD DESCRIBE AT LEAST THE FOLLOWING:

TOW-BARS

MEASURES TO ENSURE THAT THE DESIGN OF TOW -BARS AND COUPLING DEVICES ARE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AN APPROPRIATE SANS OR INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. ANY TOW-BARS OR COUPLING DEVICES NOT DESIGNED IN ACCORDANCE WITH A SANS OR INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SHALL BE APPROVED BY A REGISTERED PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER;

• Where tow-bars and coupling devices are fitted to SME‟s, all such tow-bars shall be SANS approved.
• Tow-bars and coupling devices shall only be fitted through the OEM or by a recognized service provider that complies with the required SANS standards.

 

DESIGN AND OPERATION OF TOW-BARS AND COUPLING DEVICES

COUPLING AND DE-COUPLING OF TOW-BARS

 

Towing of SME’s during breakdowns

• All vehicles that need towing due to breakdown situations, shall be towed by an appropriate service provider.

 

Towing of SME’s under special circumstances

• Where applicable, towing of SME‟s shall be conducted by means of towing devices designed as per SANS standard, i.e.

–Solid of Slings & ShackTow-Bars, (e.g. Designed as per specifications)

–Solid Draw-Bars (e.g. Designed as per SANS standards)

–All Types les (e.g. Safe Working Load to be twice the mass being towed.)

• In order to ensure the safe coupling, towing/pushing and the decoupling of SME‟S s, the above towing equipment shall be used as per the OEM specifications/procedures.

 

 

INADVERTENT DE-COUPLING OF TOW-BARS

THE METHODS AND PROCEDURES TO PREVENT INADVERTENT DE- COUPLING OF ANY TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINE BEING TOWED OR PUSHED.

• To prevent inadvertent de-coupling of SME‟S being towed or pushed, the approved towing facilities as mentioned in 8.6.2, must be inspected prior to being used and for the correct application of such equipment.
• Towing couplings shall be equipped with safety chain or pin to prevent inadvertent de-coupling.

 

ILLUMINATION

IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINES ARE VISIBLE TO PERSONS AND TO ENABLE THE OPERATOR TO IDENTIFY THE PRESENCE OF PERSONS AND HAZARDS TIMELY, THE COP MUST DESCRIBE AT LEAST THE FOLLOWING ILLUMINATION PROVISIONS ON TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINES:

 

LIGHT INTENSITY, TYPE, NUMBERS, SIZE, SPREAD AND RANGE OF LIGHT BEAMS;

• Every SME‟s shall be provided with lights of sufficient intensity, shining in the direction of travel, to enable the driver to identify any dangerous conditions and to stop the machine timeously.
• At all times the average light intensity in the direction of travel shall not be less than 10 lux at a distance of 20 meters..

 

THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN FRONT, REAR AND SIDE LIGHTS INCLUDING COLOUR CODING;

• SME‟s shall be fitted with white lights in front. .Bi Directional machines will have on both ends, front and rear.
• Front, rear and indicator lights shall be distinguished from each other by means of white, red and orange/red respectively.

 

POSITIONING OF LIGHTS TO INDICATE THE WIDTH OF THE TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINES

• Lights shall be positioned to indicate the width of the SME wherever it is applicable.

 

INSTALLATION AND ADJUSTMENT OF LIGHTS

• Lights shall be installed and maintained in accordance to the OEM design and specifications. None of the vehicles listed in this COP are equipped with adjustable lights.

 

THE USE AND POSITIONING OF REFLECTORS

• Where applicable or specify by Road Safety Act, SME‟s will be equipped with reflective material in the form of reflectors or reflective chevron strips.
• Front : White
• Rear : Red
• Both Sides : Yellow

 

PROCEDURE IN CASE OF A LUMINAIRE OR LAMP FAILURE

• Where a lamp failure is identified during pre-use inspections, the mechanic will be immediately be notified and the defective lamp will be repaired.
• Where one lamp failure occurs while the SME is in operation, provide it is safe to continue with the tasks, the operator may complete the tasks and report the matter at end of shift to the relevant Supervisor. The lamp failure must repaired before the end of the shift.
• No SME should be used (NO GO) if not at least one light of sufficient intensity to comply with 8.7.1 is operational and then only to park the vehicle at a safe place.

 

MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTIONS OF TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINES

IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT THE MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINES ARE APPROPRIATE FOR THE SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES AT THE MINE, THE COP MUST DESCRIBE:

 

SCHEDULING OF MAINTENANCE, INSPECTIONS AND OVER INSPECTIONS.

• Schedules as per the OEM‟s manuals and guidelines. Regular and over inspections are carried out by qualified persons appointed by the General Engineering Forman as delegated by the Engineering Manager. Vehicles that are under warrant and a selected few, maintenance is done by the OEM
• Utility Database provides a control mechanism to address prompt services as required.

 

PRE-USE CHECKLISTS

• All SME Checklists will have a list of Safety Critical Components or Issues, which will be checked and inspected by the operator and/or artisan.
• These checklists will be stored by the immediate supervisor, for a minimum period of three months.
• Prior to driving or operating, (or as soon as practicable after taking charge of the equipment) the driver should be satisfied that the vehicle or equipment is in a safe state by conducting a pre-start safety check.

 

“GO”, “GO BUT” AND “NO GO” CONDITIONS

• If a deficiency that falls under a „No Go‟ defect (any safety devices) is identified, such machine shall not be used until the defect is fixed. These three different categories are pre-defined on the pre-use checklist. The responsible supervisor, Artisan or Mechanic shall over inspect and repair the defect.

 

SAFE ISOLATING, DE-ENERGIZING RELEVANT SOURCES OF ENERGY AND LOCKING OUT A SME.

 

Electrical Isolation/Lock-Out

The electrical isolation/lock-out procedures of SME‟s are specified in section 7.6 of COP25 (Safe Lock-out Procedures).

a.Hydraulic De-Energizing When Parking SME (to release stored energy)

b.Safely stop the SME.

c.Fully lower the boom/bowl (where applicable).

d.Fully lower the bucket (where applicable).

e.Safely switch off the engine and isolate/lock-out as per COP25.

f.Ensure that the pressure in these systems have been safely released by twerking the control handles.

 

Hydraulic De-Energizing For Maintenance Purposes (to release stored energy)

a.Safely stop the SME.

b.Fully lower the boom/bowl (where applicable).

c.Fully lower the bucket (where applicable).

d.Safely switch off the engine and isolate/lock-out as per COP25.

e.Before starting to perform maintenance actions on any of the hydraulic systems, ensure that the pressure in such a system has been safely released.

 

 

SAFETY DEVICES TO NEGATE UNEXPECTED INCAPACITATION OF THE OPERATOR OR FATIGUE MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES.

• Operators should take a break not less than ten minutes after every two hours to reduce operator fatigue. The frequency of such rests could be altered according to specific environmental conditions;
• Operators are not allowed to work more than the recommended hours as stipulated in the Basic Conditions of Employment Act; and
• No work to be done on SME‟s in unventilated or poorly ventilated working places. Accumulation of gas may lead to incapacitation of operator, increase the risk of heat related illnesses and exposure to airborne pollutants.

 

VIBRATION CONTROL.

• The equipment in use is designed to transmit negligible vibrations to the steering mechanism and other controls. Ergonomically designed seating for drivers/operators are provided and supported in such a manner to absorb vibrations, which shall be generated.

 

PROTECTION AGAINST NOISE TO WHICH THE OPERATOR IS EXPOSED.

• Each SME is designed by OEM to comply with the noise control regulations. Inside the operators cabin the noise level is limited to 85 db. But if instances where this cannot be achieved operators are instructed to wear ear protection which is freely available. Employees are provided with hearing protection and the use thereof is monitored on a regular basis through Hearing Conservation Program.

 

PROCEDURES TO PREVENT PERSONS FROM BEING INJURED AS A RESULT OF;

 

a.PEDESTRIANS REQUIRED TO INTERACT WITH TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINES DURING REPAIR WORK IN A WORK PLACE OR IN A TRAVELLING WAY OR ROAD WAY.

• SME‟s shall be clearly marked with reflective tape on the sides, front and rear for determining proximity thereof when the machine is parked, isolated or locked out.
• All SME shall be fitted with a manual horn and reverse alarm to alert bystanders of the operator‟s presence and/or intentions.
• In case of breakdowns of SME‟s in working areas, outside the SME workshops, warning triangles will be positioned on both sides of the vehicle so as to indicate that it is standing and currently un-operational.

 

b.PEDESTRIANS REQUIRED TO INTERACT WITH TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINES DURING MAINTENANCE WORK IN A WORK PLACE OR IN A WORKSHOP.

• SME‟s shall be clearly marked with reflective tape on the sides, front and rear for determining proximity thereof when the machine is parked, isolated or locked out.
• All SME shall be fitted with a manual horn and reverse alarm to alert bystanders of the operator‟s presence and/or intentions.
• In case of breakdowns of SME‟s in working areas, outside the SME workshops, warning triangles will be positioned on both sides of the vehicle so as to indicate that it is standing and currently un-operational.

 

THE INTERACTION OF THE TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINES WITH EACH OTHER AND WITH PERSONS DURING THE REFUELING PROCESSES.

• SME‟s shall be clearly marked with reflective tape on the sides, front and rear for determining proximity thereof when the machine is parked, isolated or locked out.

 

d.THE INTERACTION OF THE TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINES WITH EACH OTHER AND WITH PERSONS DURING TRACTION BATTERY REPLACEMENT.

• All SME shall be fitted with a manual horn and reverse alarm to alert bystanders of the operator‟s presence and/or intentions.
• SME‟s shall be clearly marked with reflective tape on the sides, front and rear for determining proximity thereof when the machine is parked, isolated or locked out.

 

e.OTHER TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINES BEING PARKED OR OPERATING IN CLOSE VICINITY OF HAUL TRUCKS AT LOADING AND OR DISCHARGE POINTS.

• SME‟s shall be clearly marked with reflective tape on the sides, front and rear for determining proximity thereof when the machine is parked, isolated or locked out.
• All SME shall be fitted with a manual horn and reverse alarm to alert bystanders of the operator‟s presence and/or intentions.

 

PROCEDURES FOR THE INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF PROXIMITY DETECTION AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEMS, WHERE SUCH SYSTEMS ARE REQUIRED;

• The following equipment, devices and tools have been fitted to SME‟s at Barberton Mines to warn the Operator or Persons working or traveling in close proximity of these machines.

‒In case of breakdowns on SME‟s in sections, outside the SME workshops, a strobe light/reflective tape will be used by SME Operator/Maintenance Personnel.

‒All SME‟s are fitted with hooters to warn persons within close proximity of the machine.

 

 

OPERATING PROCEDURES

 

IN ORDER TO ENSURE THE SAFE OPERATION OF TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINES, THE COP MUST DESCRIBE AT LEAST THE FOLLOWING:

SAFE START -UP, OPERATION, PARKING AND SHUT -DOWN PROCEDURES;

All persons authorized to operate SME‟s shall perform the following procedures to ensure that all SME‟s are safely used.

 

a. Safe Start-Up Procedures

The following shall be performed before any SME is started up:

• SME operators shall always ensure that they make use of the correct SME Pre-Use Daily Checklist, as per SOP115 (SPMM Checklists).
• SME operators shall not make use of badly printed pre-use daily checklists. See subsection 8.10.2.
• A Pre-Use Daily Inspection shall be done prior to a SME being started up for the first time.
• During daily operation of SME‟s, every operator shall perform a visual inspection every time such SME is started again.
• The SME operator shall ensure that the SME and the area around the SME is safe, before starting the engine.
• Subsection (a) above, shall also apply to maintenance personnel, except for while repairs, maintenance and testing procedures are being performed on SME‟s, provided that all procedures performed are done as such to ensure no hazardous situation occurs due to, or while the SME is started.

 

Safe Operation Of SME’s

The following shall be performed before any SME is allowed to start driving:

• SME operators shall test all safety devices and related measures, when starting up a SME for the first time.
• Should it be required of any SME operator to start using another SME during the same shift, then subsection (i) above shall still apply, whether that other SME has already been used during that same shift by another operator, or not.
• SME operators shall ensure that the SME and the surrounding area is safe every time before starting up the SME.
• All SME‟s and related equipment must be used for the purpose that it was intended for, and within its designed capacity and related safety measures.
• Where SME‟s are equipped with safety belts, it must be worn at all times.
• Unless for the purpose of testing a SME, no diesel engine shall be allowed to idle unnecessarily.
• SME ignition keys and isolator switch handles, shall not be left unattended on, or at any SME.

 

Principles for the Testing of SME Functions:

• SME operators shall not perform any Loading, Testing or Tramming procedures, unless he/she has CONFIRMED that all persons are VISUALLY clear from the SME and its operational path.
• Where maintenance personnel request SME operators to perform Loading, Testing or Tramming procedures for the purpose of testing specific functions of the SME, such SME operator shall only perform each such action requested, under direct instruction from the person in charge of observing such testing functions.
• Where SME functions are being tested while the person observing such actions must be in close proximity of the SME, the following shall apply;

–Only one (1) observer shall be allowed in close proximity of the SME.

–The SME operator shall ensure that he/she is always aware of exactly where the observer is positioned.

–The observer shall clearly communicate all instructions to the SME operator and as such to prevent any misunderstandings between him/her and the SME operator while testing of the functions takes place.

 

Stationary/Static Testing of the SME:

• The SME operator shall test all safety and movement functions of the SME, which can be tested without initiating tramming or driving motions. Such testing could include the following;

–Normal starting function

–Hooter function (normal use and reverse activation where applicable)

–Lighting/Illumination and emergency beacon functions (normal use and directional use where applicable)

–Neutral-Start function (where fitted)

–Steering functions to the left and right

–Boom, Bucket, Bowl etc. functions where applicable.

 

Brake and Dynamic Testing of the SME:

• The SME operator shall start by testing the brake-holding power of the SME before starting to tram/drive the SME.
• Lastly, the SME operator shall cautiously test all the functions that requires the SME to be in motion, in order to test the machine safely.
• SME operators shall perform all the above tests at a very slow speed, with utmost caution and only on level ground.

 

Tramming/Driving Principles:

• On successful completion of the above mentioned tests, the SME operator shall always obey the following;

–No SME shall be used unless all the safety devices/systems are adequate in operation.

–SME operators shall make use of all the necessary safety measures/procedures, where and when applicable, as per this Code of Practice and all related Safe Operating Procedures.

–SME operators shall ensure that the surrounding areas/roadways are clear before starting to tram/drive the SME.

–SME operators shall avoid skidding as far as reasonably possible, by taking off slowly and slowing down when negotiating curves, corners, turns and junctions;

–SME operators shall always perform tramming/driving actions in the safest way possible.

–SME operators shall adhere to speed limits at all times.

 

 

Loading Principles:

• All operating procedures, shall generally be performed as per OEM standards.
• SME operators shall not perform any loading procedures that would require the SME to be operated outside of its normal design parameters.

 

For example:

• SME‟s shall not be used on inclines or declines where the average angle of the inclination is more that 10° from the horizontal, and
• SME‟s shall not be used at any area where a cross-sectional slope exists. Such areas shall always be leveled out to a generally flat surface, before the loading or shifting of ore continuous.
• With reference to subsection 8.3.2, SME operators are not allowed to tram, drive or articulate a SME with the boom or bowl lifted beyond and above the normal carry position. See (Terms & Definitions) with regards to the term “carry position”.
• Where it is required by any SME operator to temporary lift the boom or bowl for the purpose of moving or shifting of ore, the SME operator shall perform these actions slowly, carefully and in a controlled manner, provided that neither the lifting action, nor the tramming/driving actions shall be done simultaneously.
• The boarding and disembarking of people from SME‟s shall be performed as per subsection 8.5 of this COP.

 

Tipping/Off-Loading Principles:

• No tipping or dumping actions shall be performed while pedestrians are in close proximity of the area or spot where such tipping or dumping is about to take place.
• All pedestrians shall position themselves adequately away from tipping or dumping sites, prior to such actions taking place and as such that no hazardous event could occur during tipping or dumping actions.
• SME operators shall visually confirm that areas are safe, before starting with the required tipping or dumping actions.

 

Safe Parking Procedures

• SME‟s shall generally be parked on a level and flat surface.
• Where it is not practical or impossible to park the SME on a level and flat surface, the operator shall ensure that the park brake is adequately in operation to hold and keep the SME stationary in position.
• A SME operator shall only leave a SME and the surrounding area if the operator is convinced that the SME is safe and cannot move by itself.
• Unless impossible to perform due to unforeseen circumstances, no SME shall be parked as such that it blocks the normal flow of traffic.
• SME‟s shall generally only be parked at designated parking positions.
• Where a SME cannot be parked at a designated area, the following shall apply;

–SME‟s shall never be parked where it can be damaged by other equipment or operations.

–The Hazard indicator lights of the SME shall be switched on.

• When SME‟s are parked, and to be left unattended, the SME operator shall ensure that all functions of such SME‟s are in the resting position and that no potential energy exists. (e.g. booms, buckets and bowls are fully lowered). The following sources of energy, shall be excluded from this subsection;

–The emergency indicators (“hazards”) shall not be switched off.

–Braking systems which rely on hydraulic or pneumatic pressures in order to function and which forms part of the parking system of the SME.

 

Safe Shut-Down Procedures

• Where specific shut-down procedures are pre-scribed by an OEM, such procedures shall form part of the training material for such SME operators, and such procedures shall be adhered to where applicable.
• Where a SME is parked and to be left unattended, such SME shall also be locked-out as per COP25 (Lockout Procedures).
• No SME shall be left unattended unless all relevant procedures of subsection (8.14.1), have been adhered too.

 

GENERAL SAFETY RULES RELATING TO THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PEDESTRIANS, CYCLISTS AND TRACKLESS MOBILE MACHINES;

• Barberton Mines does make use of bicycles at any of the surface operations, but in the event of such equipment to be used in the future, section 7 (Risk Management) shall become applicable.
• With regards to the interaction between SME‟s and Pedestrians, the following shall apply;

a.Pedestrians shall not cross any road or travelling way without making sure that it is safe to do so.

b.Where pedestrians need to enter an area where SME‟s are operating, it shall be their duty to stop the SME and inform the operator of the SME of the presence of pedestrians.

c.SME Operators shall constantly be on the lookout for pedestrians while operating surface mobile equipment.

d.SME Operators shall make use of the hooter, in the event of noticing any pedestrians in close proximity of the SME.